What term describes data collected through systematic observation or measurement?

What term describes data collected through systematic observation or measurement?

• A. Empirical Evidence
• B. Applied Research
• C. Basic Research
• D. Research Problem

Answer: (A)

Data collected through systematic observation or measurement are called empirical evidence. The term emphasizes that the information comes from actual experience, observation, or experimentation, and can be tested or replicated rather than arising from theory, opinion, or anecdote. In social science practice, empirical evidence is the foundation for drawing conclusions about how the world works because it is grounded in observable data obtained through defined procedures. The other terms describe the purpose or scope of research (basic vs applied) or the issue being studied (a research problem), not the nature of the data itself.

Data collected through systematic observation or measurement are called empirical evidence. The term emphasizes that the information comes from actual experience, observation, or experimentation, and can be tested or replicated rather than arising from theory, opinion, or anecdote. In social science practice, empirical evidence is the foundation for drawing conclusions about how the world works because it is grounded in observable data obtained through defined procedures. The other terms describe the purpose or scope of research (basic vs applied) or the issue being studied (a research problem), not the nature of the data itself.