In survey development, pretesting and pilot testing serve what purpose?

In survey development, pretesting and pilot testing serve what purpose?

• A. To evaluate item clarity and bias (pretest) and to trial the data collection process in the field (pilot test) before finalization.
• B. To collect preliminary data for immediate publishing.
• C. To confirm the final analysis plan after data collection.
• D. To determine the final sample size and power analyses.

Answer: (A)